您了解膏药治病的全过程吗?
发布时间:2018-04-13 18:00

       膏药,是中药五大剂型——丸、散、膏、丹、汤之一,神秘古老、渊源久远。早在《山海经》中就记载了羯羊脂,用于涂搽皮肤以防皲裂,可以说是最原始的膏药;《黄帝内经》、《神农本草经》、《难经》、《内经·至真要大论》等著作中均有关于膏药的记载。

       随着历史的发展,膏剂的用途逐渐扩大,并广泛应用于治疗各种疾病。近年来,随着透皮给药系统(TDDS)的研究迅速发展,外用膏剂的应用范围也更为广阔。

       颈椎病、肩周炎、急性腰扭伤、腰肌劳损、腰椎间盘突出症、颈腰椎骨质增生、强直性脊柱炎、膝关节炎、腱鞘炎、跌打损伤、手足关节炎等骨痛疾病,都可以用膏药进行治疗。

       1、膏药,内病外治,效果极佳

        历代医家均崇尚“外治之理即为内治之理”,膏药即是内病外治方法中最常见、效果又是最好的一种,它避免了内服药物的毒副作用,至今已流传几千年。

        清代的徐大椿曰:“汤药不足尽病,用膏药贴之,闭塞其气,使药性从毛孔而入其腠理,通经活络,或提而出之,或攻而散之,较服药尤为有力。”

        膏药的成分一般都很复杂,它利用药物直接施于病者外表穴位或患处,药力可以渗透皮肤,进入患处的软组织和骨骼,对软组织进行消炎止痛,从而达到治愈疾病的目的。

       2、膏药,由药物和基质两部分组成 

        唐·李绰《尚书故实》载述:“虞元公镇南海,疽发于鬓,相国姬遂取膏药贴于疮上,数日平复。”

        具体制法:根据不同病情,选用相应药物,浸于植物油内,浸泡一定时间,入锅煎熬,等药物枯黑后去渣,再熬,至滴水成珠时再按油之比例(视当时不同季节)加入适量的铅丹,拌匀,将锅离火(或先离火后放丹)。候药凝厚如膏,切成大块,投放于冷水中去火毒。待用时加热熔化,摊于布片或厚纸或薄油纸片上,贴于患处体表皮肤即可。

        由此可见,自先辈开始,膏药就是由两部分组成,即药物和基质。经过不断传承与研发,膏药发展至今日,尽管在疗效、亲肤性、透气性等方面有巨大的突破,但是始终没有改变是两个组成部分。  

        药物——膏体

        以百草健骨贴为例,其膏体:选用血竭、元参、全蝎、防风、补骨脂等道地药材,与其它几十味监护药合理配位,历经采摘、晒干、粉碎、熬制、浸泡、晾片去火等24道秘制工艺生产而成。

         基质——皮棉布

        贴皮肤面采用纯棉面料,亲和力强,避免过敏,使用舒适:药贴背面采用进口真皮面料,膏药药油不易渗透出去,干净卫生,又具有良好透气性,不易粘连皮肤,不易脱落。

         3、膏药的作用原理

        那么,膏药的药效为什么能穿过皮肤?它的治病原理是什么?

         ▌膏药本身具有透皮作用

         膏药的药物在患处通过皮肤渗透达皮下组织,在局部产生药物浓度的相对优势,从而发挥较强的药理作用。

         此外,因膏药中有些刺激性强的药物,强刺激通过神经反射,可以调节肌体功能促进抗体形成,提高人体免疫力。药物穿通皮肤及黏膜后,经过血管或淋巴管进入体循环,也可产生全身性药物作用。

         ▌中药组方有透里功能

         膏药处方是根据一般中药归经原则,运用药物互相协调为用的效能,组成多味药物的复方。一般用药量大且重,用生、猛的药物以适用复杂的病理变化。

由于膏药用于肌表薄贴,所以膏药中取气味具厚的药物,并加以引药率领群药,开结行滞直达病所,产生消炎,止痛,生肌,收敛,活血化淤,通经走络,开窍透骨,祛风散寒等作用。

         ▌皮肤和毛孔具有吸收作用

        皮部在人体的生理、病理和治疗中,有着十分重要的连理作用。

        在经络理论中,皮部是经脉功能反映于体表的部位,也是络脉之气散布的所在,居于人体最外层,是机体的保卫屏障,也是机体的受纳器和效应器。(皮部是体表皮肤按十二经脉的循行分布而划分的区域,又是经穴别名。)

        膏药贴敷于皮部,促使闭塞的汗腺毛孔开放,可在局部形成集中用药的优势,直达病灶;使药物大量的有效成份聚结在患部组织中 ,达到消肿、消炎和修复病变组织的作用。

        膏药是先辈智慧的结晶,传承千年,为无数疼痛患者带来希望。膏药不仅安全,而且疗效好,人人都能用得起,是治疗骨病疼痛的好帮手,合理运用很重要!

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