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负压风机是什么?它的实际运用有哪些?

发布时间: 2020-07-21浏览量:

党的二十大报告提出,“完善碳排放统计核算制度,健全碳排放权市场交易制度”,彰显了党中央对碳排放核算工作的高度重视。碳排放统计核算是碳交易体系建设运行的基石,也是做好碳达峰碳中和工作的基础依据。碳排放监测作为支撑碳排放统计核算的关键要素,对如期实现碳达峰碳中和目标有重要作用。

“电碳”监测助力碳排放核算

  碳排放监测是碳排放统计核算体系的重要组成部分。科学、有序开展碳排放监测工作,可以直接服务碳排放核算,并对核算结果进行协同校验,从而有效降低碳排放清单的不确定性。同时,也可以为国家、行业、企业的碳减排进程及时提供量化的过程监控和辅助管理手段。

  当前,碳排放监测方法存在监测成本高、灵活性低、覆盖范围有限等问题。目前广泛采用的碳排放监测方法主要包括在线实测法和卫星遥感监测法等。其中,在线实测法通过计量设施直接测量排放源的碳排放浓度、流速、流量等数据,从而得到连续实时的碳排放量。该方法需要安装额外的监测装置,推广普及的时间成本和经济成本较高,难以对无组织排放实现有效监测,短期内难以对大量排放源实现广泛监测。卫星遥感监测法基于大气观测的温室气体浓度和气象场资料,结合大气化学传输模式,通过数据同化方法,利用浓度观测结果反演通量,从而估算区域碳排放量。该方法受限于卫星遥感观测数据的精度和覆盖率,偏微观尺度的监测结果不确定性较高。

  电力是能源消费的重要构成,也是工业的重要生产要素之一,电力消费与能源活动具有高度耦合性,为碳排放监测提供了新的思路。电力大数据具有采集范围广、准确性高、实时性强、价值密度大等特点。基于电力大数据有望“窥一斑而知全豹”,有效反演、推算能源活动和碳排放情况。因此,研究如何以电力大数据为核心,支撑碳排放监测工作高效开展,促进碳排放监测成本降低,提升碳排放监测的灵活性和覆盖范围,并满足不同应用场景下的监测精度需求,将具有重要的理论和现实意义。


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