贴膏药注意四点 起泡的处理方法
发布时间:2018-04-13 18:05

膏药是一类极为常用的外用药,具有使用方便、价格低廉、疗效显著等特点。家庭中常用的有黑膏药(如跌打膏、镇痛膏、狗皮膏等)及橡皮膏(如伤湿止痛膏、消炎镇痛膏等)。贴膏药虽然是一件小事,但其中的学问不少。具体来说,应注意以下四点:

掌握好适应症每种膏药都有其独特的药理作用,不可随意“通用”。例如,因受风寒引起的慢性腰痛和跌打损伤等,可用狗皮膏药或追风膏,以散寒祛风、舒筋活血、止痛;因热毒郁结引起的痈疽初起时硬结不消、红肿疼痛、脓成不溃或久溃不愈者,可用拔毒膏拔毒消肿、去腐生肌;橡皮膏类膏药具有消炎止痛的作用,对风湿痛、腰痛、肌肉痛、扭伤、挫伤等均有一定的疗效;救心膏是选用活血化瘀、芳香去湿的中药如麝香、冰片、红花、乳香、没药等再加上硝酸甘油制成的敷贴膏药,一旦出现心绞痛症状,可立即取一片贴于心前区,一般5~6分钟心绞痛即可缓解。

方法要正确在贴膏药之前,应先用热毛巾或生姜片将患处或穴位处的皮肤擦净拭干,然后再贴。贴膏药应剃净汗毛或尽可能避开汗毛较多的地方,否则一是粘不住,二是撕揭时带起汗毛会引起疼痛。冬天气候寒冷时,橡皮类膏药往往不易粘贴住,这时可将膏药贴好后再用热水袋敷一下,以便粘贴牢固,增加治疗效果。烘烤方法也有讲究,如使用黑膏药类膏药,应先将膏药放在酒精灯、蜡烛等微火上加温或将其漂浮在开水上面软化,等烘烤后的膏药不烫皮肤时再贴于患处。患处必须用温水洗净,擦干,否则膏药贴不牢固。此类膏药可持续贴1~2周。

部位要选准有的膏药必须贴于特定部位,如小儿暖脐膏治小儿寒积腹痛,须贴于肚脐上,未满月小儿则应贴于脐下小腹部;十香暖脐膏治脘腹冷痛,可贴于脐腹,也可贴于痛处;再如阳和解凝膏,使用时要贴在颈项后的大椎穴。有禁忌症者切勿滥用。

贴膏药处起泡怎么办?

多数人贴膏药后并无明显不适,有部分人会感到局部发热、发痒,这属于正常反应,可以不管。也有些人贴膏药1~2小时后局部红肿热痛、甚至起泡、渗出。这时要去掉膏药,如果泡小,涂些碘伏,避免感染即可。如果泡大,要到医院用消毒针管将泡内液体抽出。一般一周以后,起泡处会结痂脱落。

在贴膏药时,为了尽量减少上述过敏反应的发生,应忌口一些食物,如韭菜、香菜、海鲜、辛辣刺激性食物。对氧化锌胶布、药物过敏的人和孕妇要减少或不用膏药。

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