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    钻石拉丝模具的几种常见材质概述

    发布时间:2018-05-01


    (1)合金钢模是早期的拉丝模制造材料。用来制造合金钢模的材料主要是碳素工具钢和合金工具钢。但是由于合金钢模的硬度和耐磨性差、寿命短,不能适应现代生产的需要,所以合金钢模很快被淘汰,在目前的生产加工中已几乎看不到合金钢模。


     (2)硬质合金模由硬质合金制成。硬质合金属于钨钴类合金,其主要成分是碳化钨和钴。碳化钨是合金的“骨架”,主要起坚硬耐磨作用;钴是粘结金属,是合金韧性的来源。因此,硬质合金模与合金钢模相比具有以下特性:耐磨性高、抛光性好、粘附性小、摩擦系数小、能量消耗低、抗蚀性能高,这些特性使得硬质合金拉丝模具有广泛的加工适应性,成为当今应用最多的拉丝模模具。

         (3)天然金刚石是碳的同素异性体,用它制作的模具具有硬度高、耐磨性好等特点。但天然金刚石的脆性较大,较难加工,一般用于制造直径1.2mm以下的拉丝模。此外,天然金刚石价格昂贵,货源紧缺,因此天然金刚石模并不是人们最终所寻求的即经济又实用的拉丝工具。

          (4)聚晶金刚石是用经过认真挑选的质量优良的人造金刚石单晶体加上少量硅、钛等结合剂,在高温高压的条件下聚合而成。聚晶金刚石的硬度很高,并有很好的耐磨性,与其它材料相比它具有自己独特的优点:由于天然金刚石的各向异性,在拉丝过程中,当整个孔的周围都处在工作状态下时,天然金刚石在孔的某一位置将发生择优磨损;而聚晶金刚石属于多晶体、具有各向同性的特点,从而避免了模孔磨损不均匀和模孔不圆的现象发生。与硬质合金相比,聚晶金刚石的抗拉强度仅为常用硬质合金的70%,但比硬质合金硬250%,这样,使得聚晶金刚石模比硬质合金模有更多的优点。用聚晶金刚石制成的拉丝模耐磨性能好,内孔磨损均匀,抗冲击能力强,拉丝效率高,而且价格比天然金刚石便宜许多。因此目前聚晶金刚石拉丝模在拉丝行业中应用广泛。

          (5)CVD(化学气相沉积法)它既具有单晶金刚石的光洁度、耐温性,又具有聚晶金刚石的耐磨性和价格低廉等优点,在代替稀有的天然金刚石制备拉丝模工具方面取得很好的效果,它的广泛使用将为拉丝模行业带来新的活力。

          (6)高性能的陶瓷材料具有硬度高、耐磨性好、化学稳定性强、高温力学性能优良和不易与金属发生粘结等特点,可广泛应用于难加工材料的加工。近三十年来,由于在陶瓷材料制造工艺中实现了对原料纯度和晶粒尺寸的有效控制,开发了各种碳化物、氮化物、硼化物、氧化物、晶须或少量金属的添加技术。以及采用多种增韧补强机制等,使陶瓷材料的强度、韧性、抗冲击性能都有了较大提高。。

        (7)涂层拉丝模是新近发展起来的一项新技术,其主要方法就是在硬质合金拉丝模上涂层金属薄膜。金属薄膜是纯钛涂层,它既具有很好的光洁度、耐温性,又具有钛的耐磨性和价格低廉等优点,在代替硬质合金拉丝模工具方面取得很好的效果。。


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