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加强能源消费绿色转型政策引导

发布时间:2020-07-21浏览量:

随着非化石能源占比逐步提升,消费侧用能方式需更加灵活,能源供需联系将更加紧密,这对提升能源消费弹性、智能化水平、自主供应能力等均提出更高要求。当前,我国能源消费侧仍面临体制机制制约,需以主要用能行业消费结构转型为牵引,加强能源消费和生产协同转型,多措并举以政策引导能源消费绿色低碳转型。

新型能源体系下能源消费侧变化趋势

  能源消费电气化和智能化水平不断提升。电气化是促进能源结构调整和绿色低碳转型的重要途径,是支撑新型能源体系和构建新型电力系统,助力实现碳达峰碳中和的重要举措。随着能源系统数字化和智能化的快速发展,涌现出智能微网、虚拟电厂、综合能源服务、能源大数据中心等新型供电技术,这些新技术新业态主要布局在消费侧,改变了传统供能模式和用能行为,其商业化应用将有效提高新型电力系统的运行控制、决策调控、资源配置、风险预警能力和水平,进一步丰富电力消费应用场景,加速终端能源消费的电能替代。

  能源消费空间流动更加复杂。未来,由大型风电光伏基地和分布式能源协同发展的趋势已成必然,相较于传统的集中供能模式,新型能源体系下消费侧能源渠道更加多样化,既包含来自新能源大基地的远程消纳,也包含来自屋顶光伏、小型风电、生物质能发电、新型储能等多种分布式能源的就地消纳。能源消费者和生产者的界限将变得模糊,供需流向趋于复杂,一方面配电系统的承载压力增加,亟待升级并配套新型储能设施;另一方面能源消费的需求预测和及时消纳的不确定性增大,对能源系统规划和运维管理提出挑战。

  能源消费与供给互动性增强。随着经济社会高质量发展、人民生活水平不断提高,以及极端天气趋多趋强,全国用电负荷逐年上升,呈现尖峰值高、峰谷差大、夏冬双峰等显著特征。以可再生能源为主的能源供给稳定性受季节和极端天气影响较大,能源系统将不可避免面临供给波动性和随机性的增加,短时能源时空错配导致的供能过剩或短缺矛盾将进一步凸显,亟须改变能源供需调节反馈模式。在长时储能获得商业化应用之前,供需两端应双向发力,除了能源供给侧的发电能力调节,能源消费侧也需要探索更为灵活的用能方式,根据电力供需季节、时段特征和供需紧张状况主动改变自身用电习惯,提高能源消费弹性,主动适应新的能源供应模式,对供应量动态变化作出快速响应,调整消费量或消费来源以尽快恢复供需平衡。


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