显微镜成像特点与物像移动规律详解

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发布时间 : 2025-08-13

光学显微镜,这一用于观察微观世界的神奇工具,主要由目镜、物镜、载物台和反光镜等部件构成。其中,目镜和物镜均为凸透镜,且焦距各异。物镜的功能类似于投影仪的镜头,它负责将物体转化为倒立且放大的实像。而目镜则类似于我们熟悉的放大镜,它进一步将这个实像放大成正立且虚像,供观察者使用。此外,反光镜在显微镜中扮演着光线反射的重要角色,通过它,被观察的物体得以明亮呈现。反光镜通常具备两种反射面:在光线充足时,我们通常使用平面镜;而在光线昏暗时,凹面镜则能发挥其反射作用。

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