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《颠覆营销:大数据时代的商业革命》:大数据“多即少,少即多”各种行销手段早已令人眼花缭乱

发布时间:2018-06-01 浏览量: 字号:

各种行销手段早已令人眼花缭乱,但究其本质都是在研究客户(消费者),研究客户的所想、所需,使产品或服务有的放矢。大数据时代又给它赋予了新名词:精准营销。大数据最先应用的领域多为面对客户的行业,最先应用的情景也多为精准营销。

“酒好也怕巷子深”,产品或服务的信息要送达客户才可能促成交易。一般认为,向客户传达产品或服务信息要靠广告。广告古已有之,“三碗不过岗”的酒幌子就是广告。没有互联网的时代,我们熟悉的是电视广告、广播广告、印刷品平面广告、户外广告牌等,当然,也包括吆喝叫卖。但过去的广告是千人一面、不区分受众的。后来商家对客户的信息有所采集就有了CRM,经过客户分类,可以更好地服务于不同的客户群体。互联网+大数据时代让CRM有了新的发展机遇,管理客户不再是简单的数字统计和没有个性的(或简单聚类的)直邮、定投。随着商家对客户知道更多、了解更深,便有机会为客户提供个性化的营销方案,进一步改善客户体验,成为了个性化营销或叫精准营销。大数据时代,让很多过去的不可能变为可能,营销活动也赢来了新的发展机遇。

时代不同,商业经营的形式会变化,但本质就是两件事:开源,节流。开源是开拓新客户,发现新商机;节流是减少内部运营成本,提高资源利用效率。要实现这一切都需要以数据为依据的决策。过去,人们也在长期的经营活动中,采集和运用了与经营活动相关的很多强相关数据,也形成了选择客户的标准。鉴于当时的技术瓶颈,做大样本的数据采集及数据分析成本都过高,无法在更大范围推广运用。大数据时代,人们有了廉价采集数据和存储数据的可能,廉价的计算资源让数据分析成为了可能。

大数据精准营销的背后,是用多维度的数据来观察客户,描述客户,就是说为客户画像。说“依托大数据,可以让营销人员比过去更了解客户,比客户自己更了解客户的需求”并不为过。营销人员无不想知道客户是谁、在哪里、消费习惯是什么、需要什么、什么时候需要、用什么方式向他们传递信息更为有效等等,通过数据采集和数据分析分析可以找到答案。精准营销不仅可以帮助商家开源---发现潜在客户,还可以帮助商家节流---发现潜在风险。当我们对客户了解更多,就会知道哪位客户可能在经营中存在风险。

若问每个经营者是否会运用从业经验来进行营销,多数答案是肯定的。但若问经营者是否会利用数据进行营销,恐怕答案就是五花八门。一般认为,应用数据进行营销是大公司的事情,与小公司无缘。其实,大到跨国公司,小到街边小贩,运用数据进行营销,都会收到意想不到的结果。不相信吗?街边小贩留意一下天气预报(刮风,下雨,还是暴晒)就知道明天有哪些生意的机会,进而知道该如何备货。建议中小公司的人不要拒绝精准营销的理念,不妨学学精准营销的思想方法。即便是经营者有丰富的经验,把经验数据化对经营也会很有帮助。

《颠覆营销》一书就是在教读者如何运用大数据来做营销。书中案例丰富、语言可读性强。值得关心大数据营销的各界朋友读一读。

我认同书中的不少观点:“大数据重新定义产业竞争规则,比的不是数据规模大小,不是统计技术,也不是强大的计算能力,而是核心数据的解读能力”。在很多人纠结于大数据定义的今天,我们确实更应该关注数据的核心价值理解与应用。书中提出的“问对问题”也很重要。经营者平时的问题一定不少,但追问究竟时,就可能出现偏差,导致“失之毫厘谬以千里”。问对问题能力的提高涉及思想方法,需要在锻炼中提高。验证问题是否问对了,恰恰就是数据分析师可以做贡献的地方。

本书还引起了二个值得更深入思考的问题:

仅仅发现不同客户群体的消费习惯,适时提醒客户去消费,还远远不够。比如:某消费者一个月的正常理性消费在两千元的水平,一般在A,B两家商店消费。A商店运用了精准营销的理念会让消费者把这两千元都花在A商店,随着B商店的后来居上,消费者又可能重新回到B商店消费这两千元。在供给过剩需求不足的今天,既有的消费额在不同商家中进行分配或迁移都不能带来社会消费总量的增加。大数据营销的更高水平应用是提前知晓客户尚未被满足、甚至尚未被发现的需求。大数据的价值挖掘有机会把商家(含厂家)和客户连在一起,让商家提供更多的满足客户个性化需求的产品或服务,让客户的消费意愿提高。这是数据价值挖掘工作者面临的新挑战。

数据真的越多越好吗?不少大数据公司热衷于用爬虫软件在网上“爬”各种数据。然而同一数据集在不同的应用场景价值密度是不一样的,针对特定应用场景也并非是数据维度越多就越好,一定要围绕应用目标来采集数据和使用数据。提升维度来采集更多数据一定是有助于更详尽地描述事物,但无疑也增加了处理数据的复杂性。每一次技术的进步,都给人类带来新的想象空间,难免欲望膨胀自信满满,对世界的认知也随之升维,甚至是无节制地升维。之后发现升维带来资源的占用,智慧跟不上,无节制地升维反而是解决方案复杂化,冷静下来会重新启动降维思考。也许人类的认知与智慧就是在升维、降维、再升维、再降维中交替前行的。本书的降维思考,必要时回归本元的思考给人们启示。

大数据时代工具手段固然重要,思想方法更为重要。


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