Vehicle logistics (VL, Vehicle logistics) is an agile automotive supply chain environment based on time competition. With the vehicle as the object of logistics service, it can quickly respond and deliver on time according to the requirements of customer orders on delivery time, delivery location, quality assurance, etc. Vehicle logistics has changed from simple commodity vehicle transportation to a new type of logistics with transportation as the main body, warehousing, distribution, and terminal value-added services as a supplement. According to the design and technical characteristics of the object of vehicle logistics, vehicle logistics can be divided into: passenger vehicle logistics, commercial vehicle logistics, special vehicle vehicle logistics, construction vehicle logistics, etc. According to the service life characteristics of the object of vehicle logistics, vehicle logistics can be divided into: commodity vehicle logistics, used car vehicle logistics, antique vehicle logistics, etc. According to the characteristics of vehicle logistics transportation tools, vehicle logistics transportation methods can be divided into: land transportation, air transportation, water transportation, etc. Among them, land transportation can be divided into road transportation and railway transportation; water transportation vehicle logistics can be divided into container vehicle logistics transportation, ro-ro ship vehicle logistics transportation. Vehicle logistics has different terms in various countries and the automotive industry: Japan is called "car logistics", "completed car logistics", in fact, there are old car logistics called "medieval car logistics"; Britain and the United States and other countries are also called "Finished vehicle logistics", "Vehicle logistics", "Vehicle transport". China's vehicle logistics industry originated in the 1990s and developed along with the gradual development of China's automobile industry. It has closely followed the development of China's automobile industry and experienced gradual development and improvement from scratch, from superficial to professional, from passive imitation to active innovation. Looking back at the development process of the domestic automobile logistics industry, we can see that the current vehicle logistics industry has the following characteristics: Phenomenon 1: Highway enterprises have not formed a scale, synergy effect, with "low resource utilization, high transportation costs, waste of transportation resources, weak competitiveness" and other characteristics. The entry threshold of the automobile logistics industry is not high, resulting in a large number of industry groups at present, and a single enterprise controls the scale of vehicles. The industry currently has more than 10,000 vehicles, and there are 400-500 employed enterprises. Most enterprises rely on local sending resources, which cannot form a scale and return network. The heavy load rate of bicycles is very low, or the extremely low return loading price results in poor corporate efficiency. Due to the efficiency and scale, most enterprises do not have the capacity enhancement management technology to ensure service quality. The service level of the entire industry is not high, and there is a lack of unified industry standards and restraint mechanisms, resulting in uneven service connotation and quality judgment under the same price conditions, resulting in uneven service quality. The timely delivery rate of commodity vehicles, the quality loss rate of commodity vehicles, and the accident rate of rack cars are all unsatisfactory. Changes in the demand of the automobile market, the impact of cost pressure on OEMs, competition pressure from foreign automobile factories, WTO tariff adjustment and other policy factors will inevitably lead to the release of their pressure to other links in the automobile industry chain. The cost accounting needs of the main engine have positioned the vehicle utilization rate of logistics and transportation enterprises at 70-80% ahead of schedule, seriously squeezing the efficiency space of vehicle logistics providers. The continuously increasing cost of oil prices and irregular on-the-way fines have further weighed the burden on enterprises. The restrictions of national standards have led to differences in policy standards between regions. Super long and over-limited models cannot be licensed here, but they can be passed there, and the equality and unity of competition cannot be solved. In most cases, it is a situation where one side of the water and soil supports the other side. A group of transportation enterprises have been formed around a main engine factory with local transportation as the main body. Their scale, management ability, and regional group interests restrict foreign enterprises from participating in competition. Especially in the case of uneven sales and shipments at the beginning and end of the month, it is even more impossible to clearly put forward reasonable management needs to strengthen management and improve quality. Highway companies have to be involved in disorderly and vicious competition in order to survive. Vicious competition has led to the destruction of the industry price system and the imbalance of local supply and demand. In the process of automobile logistics and transportation, various enterprises are willing to sacrifice their own interests in order to seek return benefits, which destroys the industry price system. This kind of vicious competition has also created the illusion that the supply of local transportation capacity is greater than the demand for transportation volume. On the one hand, there is a huge potential market and the growth of demand. On the other hand, prices continue to be depressed and profits continue to erode. The contradiction of this benefit scissors is becoming more and more prominent. Phenomenon 2 Railways and waterways have restricted the quality improvement of water transportation due to many factors: the main reason is that the planning of some expressways in China is parallel to the water transportation lines along the Yangtze River and the coast. In addition, the segmented charging prices of water transportation projects are inverted, especially: the high cost of short barges at both ends and the high terminal fees distort the cost advantage of water transportation. In addition, the problems of route design and insufficient shipping capacity also restrict the development of automobile logistics and shipping. Railway: Operators need to have complex knowledge of the two major industries. The current railway personnel are weak in their ability to participate in the operation of automobile projects. Years of monopoly economy, the understanding is not in place; the management is extensive and not fine enough. The ability of regional distribution is insufficient, and the service awareness of end customers and the ability of short barges are insufficient. Some areas need to run and deliver goods, but customers cannot accept it. The railway to the delivery end is restricted by the railway operation system, and it cannot respond quickly. The running time is longer than the highway; the running time is unstable, and the seasonal impact is large. Multiple reversals, there is more risk of quality damage. Phenomenon 3 The market order and reputation system of vehicle logistics need to be improved. China's modern vehicle logistics has developed for ten years. Looking back on the past ten years, look at our business ethics and market order unsatisfactory. We often worry about carrying your car, but not receiving the payment by the time stipulated in the contract; we often doubt the capacity of the sub-supplier, and the promised capacity guarantee will not be in place when the car is delivered; when the car is delivered, the dealer also extorts for various reasons, and so on. Why is the Chinese vehicle logistics market unsatisfactory? Take an example to illustrate: if a person expects him to live only a week, what is the best way for him to make a fortune? Go and rob people's wallets. There is a penalty for robbing people, but he doesn't worry about these things, why? The court has not had time to hold a trial, he is already dead, why should he care about the law? But when he expects to live a long time, robbing money is not the best way. Therefore, a person's behavior or optimal behavior is related to his life expectations. The longer a person's expectations are, the more standardized his behavior will be, and he will be willing to stick to his promises. Some domestic vehicle logistics companies do not pay attention to reputation for the following reasons: many enterprises do not have a perfect property rights system. The property rights system I refer to is to enable people to have a stable long-term and expected system; if you can make you do bad things, you will definitely be punished by the consequences of bad things; if you make contributions, you will definitely be rewarded. This is the property rights system we are talking about. What a vehicle logistics company does today, who will bear the consequences of this matter, may be borne by the current leader or the next leader. At this time, the current leader has the enthusiasm to pursue a short-term interest. In this sense, under China's current property rights system, people are motivated to pursue short-term interests. Government behavior is not standardized enough. At present, government behavior largely determines the behavior of enterprises. The government stipulates that what can be done today cannot be done tomorrow, and an entrepreneur does not have a stable expectation, so he will definitely pursue short-term interests. At the same time, the government's policies are still very vague, which makes our private entrepreneurs not full of confidence in their future. They do not expect that after their enterprises grow big, after they are done well, they can recover the fruits after they have credibility. So they are like state-owned enterprises, and they inevitably have to pursue short-term interests. A good information transmission system needs to be established. To establish a good reputation system and market order requires a good information transmission system. We must let those dishonest and deceptive information be transmitted in the market as soon as possible. The faster the transmission, the easier it will be to establish market order. Phenomenon 4 The content of logistics value-added services provided is not enough. In recent years, foreign logistics companies have been committed to developing end point services tailor-made for customers. This highly adaptable end point management and services include: pre-operation preparation stage before reaching the factory offline, or outsourcing, customization and added value services for special project modification business, such as installing air conditioning devices, installing liquefied petroleum gas conversion devices, etc. This includes secure warehousing, management, paperless trade and commodity tracking, as well as other options such as car stereos, car alarms, car accessories, and even redesign and repair. We are still in a simple single-item transportation mindset. We need to have the awareness of this end point service expansion and take the initiative to expand the market.

• Previous：Railway transportation 008
• Next：No.