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冷链物流行业的供给侧结构性改革

发布时间:2017-06-22 浏览量:

冷链行业业态创新具有必要性,补短板,去库存,降成本。同时冷链物流面临的结构性矛盾包括冷链行业区域布局的结构性矛盾;冷链运输能力结构性矛盾;冷链仓储能力结构性矛盾;冷链物流人才供需结构性矛盾;冷链服务产品供给的结构性矛盾。

在国家大力发展商贸流通业和推行供给侧结构性改革的大背景下,我国冷链物流行业面临崭新的业态生存环境,适时推进冷链物流行业供给侧结构性改革,是促进全行业资源优化配置、降低冷链物流成本、消除信息不对称和提高市场透明度的重要措施。

对冷链物流行业的供给侧结构性改革和创新,必须坚持推动整个行业的业态创新向纵深层次发展,使冷链行业的经营模式更多样化,运营效率更突出,个性化的需求满足更及时,在所有供应链企业行业中的差异化更强,从而带来新的竞争优势点,冷链物流行业也将从业态创新和改革历程中获取更持续的发展动力。

1、社区共同化配送提高冷链物流运营效率

冷链物流由于其配送产品的特殊性,“断链”现象时有发生,特别是发生在“最后一公里”的配送上,克服供应链末端瓶颈问题是冷链行业供给侧结构性改革下的关键。引入社区共同化配送的方式,以降低配送成本、提高配送效率和服务质量,解决社区“最后一公里”物流配送难题。

与传统的全程门到门配送方式不同,将配送人员的配送范围根据社区分布情况做区域划分,并增设区域共同配送站点这一中间环节,主要选择在社区较为集中的区域,为冷链物流企业建立社区共同配送服务站点,并建立完善相应的冷藏设施,统一协调配送货物。

2、生鲜电商冷链物流的装备和技术升级

随着生鲜电商的迅猛发展以及冷藏食品消费量的不断升级,释放出巨大的冷链物流需求,我国冷链物流增量空间将进一步深化。但是,由于生鲜产品具有易腐、易烂的属性,产品在冷链过程中损耗较高,致使生鲜冷链物流的成本较普通商品高出1-2倍,在实际运营过程中真正盈利的生鲜电商企业屈指可数。

基于第三方冷链物流企业的金融模式简要操作流程如图1所示。

     

图1:基于第三方冷链物流企业的金融模式

     

5、农产品冷链与食品热链的产业延伸跨界联盟

     

图2:农产品冷链与食品热链的跨界融合平台

共享经济背景下,企业联盟的组织方式主要是通过一种契约关系整合不同所有权的资产或资源,达到提高物流效率和服务竞争力的效果。农产品冷链(冷链行业)与食品热链(餐饮行业)这两种产业的跨界联盟,搭建了延伸产业价值链的合作平台(如图2所示),一方面顺应了行业发展中供给侧结构性改革的需要,强化了冷链供给层次的多样化。

另一方面从食品安全质量的民生工程监管来看,对农产品冷链与食品热链具有无缝对接的客观需要,以降低冷链与热链融合后的全过程运营成本,最终达到利益共享、风险共担的协同与融合目的。

6、基于平台经济的第四方冷链集成商组织

它是集创新型供应链管理和资源整合服务为一体的第四方冷链物流平台,属于多级互通物流信息系统,在行业内构筑区域性或全国性的快捷、透明、协同的集约型冷链物流网络,为客户提供基于线上和线下集成化供应链解决方案的冷链物流采购和管理平台。

     

图3:第四方冷链集成商组织功能结构图

基于平台经济的第四方冷链集成商组织功能结构如图3所示,主要功能分为冷链信息发布、产品实时监控、决策支持、溯源管理及系统管理五大板块。

7、搭建综合运输协作体系的冷链物流港

随着我国综合交通运输体系的日臻完善,必然会引发冷链物流行业的重大变革,在不远的未来或将产生一种全新的冷链物流业态——冷链物流港。它将整合中国的港口(水运)、公路、高铁、航空、城市地铁(轻轨)等交通运输方式及资源,以“大数据”、互联网技术、IT技术为依托,融合冷链物流金融、保险等增值服务,构建“互联网+冷链物流”的冷链资源交易平台。

在经济发达地区形成集冷链物流、商贸、展示、食品研发、加工生产、包装、保鲜、金融、保险、综合服务为一体的新型综合冷链业态,以更强连接、更快响应、更多增值、更加灵活、更为安全的良好效果满足消费者对冷链物流的不同需求,同时推动传统冷链物流行业转型升级。

四、结语

冷链关乎食品安全,关乎国计民生。随着我国经济的发展和人们消费理念的变化,冷链物流将在行业内外受到更广泛的重视。加快冷链物流行业供给侧结构性改革步伐,是我国现代食品流通过程中重要而紧迫的课题,同时也是推进我国冷链物流网络节点建设的关键一环。

通过供给侧结构性改革下的业态创新,多措并举,培育冷链物流行业发展新动能,增强我国冷链物流行业的竞争力,从而更好地满足消费领域升级而产生的多层次需求。

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