如何设置自行车道?这些基础技术知识不得不知!

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发布时间 : 2025-08-12

我国自行车数量较多,是自行车大国,但在对应的自行车道设计与管理方面还存在一些不足。那么,在自行车道设置方面,有哪些需要掌握的基础技术意识?

我国是自行车大国,但相应管理设施的技术,还有很大提升空间,特别是笼统地将自行车在法律层面归纳于非机动车,在技术分类上归纳为慢行交通,给自行车的使用和道路设计带来很多问题,进而影响道路交通秩序,破坏交通流的流畅性与安全。笔者借鉴西方国家的技术资料,梳理一些值得思考的知识点,重新审视设计自行车道和电动自行车道的对策。

首先要说明的是,按国际普遍的自行车骑行技术标准界定,电动自行车有持续的机械动力,速度能力、加减速需求、超车方式、刹车反应等,与借助杠杆原理实现的运动有区别。设计自行车道时要考虑这些,还要考虑人的运动能力和速度特征。我们先从自行车讲起。

一、自行车流也是一种车辆形成的高速交通流

这是一个非常重要的基本观点,与我国交通界平时认知有明显差别。

自行车的行进,是人力借助机械辅助完成的一种相对高速运动。人操作器械的运动速度越高,越挑战人的判断和处置能力。设计自行车道时,选用的自行车速度指标不低:英美等国家的自行车道设计标准里,常规车速的基准值一般使用20英里/时(32公里/时),然后根据上下坡(下坡车速会到50公里/时)、顺风(40公里/时)逆风(20公里/时)等情况调整。英国的社区内一般道路的自行车道车速选值是12英里/时(20公里/时),也不低。从设计速度值就可以比较,在我国的城市道路里,全程平均车速能达到30公里/时的并不多,而在美国的城市道路设计机动车转弯半径时,一般按时速8公里设计。

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