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69家央企集团年内完成公司制改制

记者从国资委获悉,十九大代表、国务院国有重点大型企业监事会主席李志群日前谈及央企改革进展时表示,党的十八大以来,完善现代企业制度、改革经营机制、优化国资布局、推进提质增效、强化国资监管、全面从严治党等六大改革措施持续深化。其中,市场化薪酬改革方面,目前已有99%的中央企业集团公司建立了明确的工资效益联动机制,60户控股上市公司实施了股权激励。他还介绍,公司制改革取得重大进展,69家集团公司及2600多户下属企业年内将完成改制工作。

“推动中央企业不断完善现代企业制度,是企业形成有效制衡的决策机制、增强发展动力的重要保障,”李志群表示,十八大以来,分类改革扎实推进。将中央企业分为三类,分别是主业处于充分竞争行业和领域的商业类国有企业(商业一类),主业处于关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域、主要承担重大专项任务的商业类国有企业(商业二类)和公益类。他指出,分类改革、分类考核、分类发展、分类监管全面推进,分类的导向作用逐步显现,不同功能分类的企业定位更加清晰,整体上推进了国有企业与市场经济更好地融合。

此外,公司制改革取得重大进展。“69家集团公司及2600多户下属企业年内将完成改制工作,”李志群提到,2016年底,央企控股的290家A股(含A+H)营业收入、净利润占A股市场的39.3%、30.07%,“上市公司在资本市场融资、推动机制转换和战略性重组方面发挥了重要作用。”此外,他表示,董事会在国有企业公司治理中的作用也越来越重要,董事会有效制衡机制初步形成,明显提高了重大决策质量和防控风险作用。据他介绍,目前98家中央企业中,已经有83家建立了外部董事占多数的规范董事会,中央企业二级国有独资、全资公司中近一半建立董事会,还在4家中央企业集团开展落实了中央企业董事会职权试点工作,授予经理层选聘、薪酬分配等6项职权。

在深化改革经营机制层面,李志群表示,过去几年,央企在经营机制改革上进行了积极的探索,激发了企业内生活力。其中,薪酬制度改革成为亮点。“99%的中央企业集团公司建立了明确的工资效益联动机制,60户控股上市公司实施了股权激励,11户科技型子企业实行了分红激励政策,”李志群说,中央企业负责人薪酬制度也逐步规范,实现水平适当、结构合理、管理规范、监督有效。与市场化薪酬相对应的还有市场化用工制度。李志群告诉记者,中央企业公开招聘制度覆盖率已经达到98%,劳动合同应签尽签率达到100%。此外,国有企业领导人员分类分层管理、探索职业经理人制度等措施都得到了加快落实。“这些工作推动企业建立干部能上能下、员工能进能出、收入能增能减的合理流动机制,大大激发了企业内部各要素活力。”李志群说。

在优化国有资本布局结构层面,李志群表示,近几年国有资本的结构布局优化有效提升了资源配置效率。在李志群看来,央企通过横向合并、纵向整合提升企业影响力、发挥协同效应的同时,用股权合作、资产置换等方式整合同质化业务,使央企的资源配置得到优化。以铁塔公司为例,该公司的组建减少铁塔重复建设56.8万座,节约投资1003亿元,节约土地2.77万亩。

经过几年的砥砺改革,中央企业资产规模达到53.8万亿元,比2012年翻了一番。有了稳的基础,更要有进的动能和质的提升。那么,进的动力、质的提升从哪里来?“提质增效转型升级,才能夯实央企的发展后劲。”

李志群说,在创新驱动发展理念下,央企建设了国家级研发机构和协同创新平台,研发经费占全国研发经费的1/4,并成立规模1500亿元的创新引导基金,带动创新基金超过200支,总规模超过6000亿元。与此同时,央企还聚焦降成本、去杠杆,双管齐下提高企业的发展空间。

第五方面的改革举措是强化国资监管。十九大代表、国资委主任肖亚庆表示,央企的经营机制市场化、重组整合市场化,都对国资监管提出了更高的要求。“要想织密国有资产‘安全网’,就要贯彻以管资本为主加强国有资产监管的要求,做强国资监管的针对性、有效性、系统性,”李志群说。记者了解到,从2015年至今,国资委共出台旨在强化监管的制度文件27件,并与监事会、业务厅局“一前一后”相互配合,形成发现问题、分类处置、督促整改、责任追究的监督工作闭环,同时强化了国有企业改制重组、产权交易、投资并购、物资采购和招投标等重点领域的监管。

“全面从严加强党的建设,则为企业持续健康发展提供坚强保证。”李志群说,98家中央企业全部完成党建要求进章程,全部实现党委(党组)书记、董事长“一肩挑”,做到了党的领导和公司治理深度融合。

改革是激发企业活力的根本。上述改革的持续深化,有力促进了央企结构优化、转型升级,为企业发展提供了强劲动能,大力提升了企业发展质量和效益,改革促发展、释红利的作用有效发挥。

中国企业研究院首席研究员李锦告诉记者,央企现阶段的发展,明显更注重发展的质量。围绕新旧动能加快转换的目标,近五年央企的高端制造、科研、现代服务业等行业收入增长24.1%。“供给侧结构性改革成效显著,通过发挥市场的力量,最终帮助国企逐渐找到了新的利润增长点,”李锦说,以供给侧结构性改革为指引的各项改革举措,把国企发展引入到了一个新周期,释放出了极为显著的改革红利。

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