生物显微镜的基本结构

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发布时间 : 2025-08-13

生物显微镜的基本结构 显微镜的基本结构可分为光学系统、光源照明系统和机械装置三部分。

生物显微镜的基本结构

显微镜的基本结构可分为光学系统、光源照明系统和机械装置三部分。下面分别对它们予以介绍。

一、生物显微镜的光学系 显微镜的光学系统主要包括物镜、目镜、聚光镜和光源系统滤光片、载玻片和盖玻片。)

(一)物镜.

物镜一般都是在物镜转换器上旋着。它是显微镜的主要部件。显微镜的放大及分辨作用主要由它来担当。其优劣决定了显微镜的主要光学性能。

(二)目镜

目镜通常插在镜筒上。根据需要可以方便地拔插更换。其作用是把物镜放大后的像作进一步的放大,使人眼能够清楚地观察标本。它有单目和双目两种工作方式。廉价显微镜多采用单目形式,使用时,只能用一只眼睛观察。双目显微镜配有两个相同的目镜,可供两只眼睛同时观察。一般的目镜是由上下两块或两组透镜组成。下面的一块大透镜叫场镜,上面的一块小透镜叫接目镜。两块透镜之间有一个环状光栏,用它来限制视场的大小,只留下成像质量较好的像供观察,通常把它叫做视场光栏。光栏上一般粘有一个细丝,用来指示特定的观察目标。当此细丝掉下后,可粘一小段头发或细铜丝代替。但要注意,其尖端要落在光栏平面内。否则,观察时,指示不清晰。


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